Teens Seek AI for Emotional Support – Here’s How to Protect Them

The Growing Role of AI Chatbots in Teen Life

It’s 2 a.m., and a teenage girl, worried about a friend issue, lies awake. Instead of waking her parents, she grabs her phone, opens an AI app, and types, “I’m so stressed out, I can’t sleep.” A quick reply follows: “I’m sorry you’re dealing with this. Want to tell me a bit about what is stressing you?” The conversation continues, and after 20 minutes, she feels calmer and able to fall asleep. The supportive voice that helped her? A large language model, or LLM, chatbot.

While this scenario is hypothetical, it reflects a growing trend among teens who are increasingly turning to AI chatbots for emotional support and companionship. These chatbots are designed to simulate empathy and maintain human-like engagement, offering on-demand responses that can feel supportive and engaging.

Research shows that 72% of teens have interacted with AI companion chatbots, and 13% to 20% have sought emotional support through AI within a two-month period in 2025. In another study, 63% of teens and young adults who used an AI chatbot for mental health advice had not shared this with anyone else.

As clinical psychologists and a child psychiatrist who work with adolescents, we’ve observed this shift firsthand. In 2025, we published guidelines for clinicians on how to address teen chatbot use safety, and we’re now working to help parents and other trusted adults do the same.

Why Teens Are Vulnerable

Unlike social media platforms, which connect teens with peers, AI chatbots such as ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini function as simulated conversation partners and companions. These tools offer on-demand responses that can feel supportive and engaging. While some therapeutic chatbots have been studied in controlled settings, most teens are using general-purpose tools that were never designed or validated for mental health support. This includes stand-alone platforms like ChatGPT and chatbots built into apps that teens already use, such as Snapchat’s My AI.

These chatbots are everywhere, highly accessible, and difficult for teens to avoid. Many teens describe these interactions as emotionally meaningful or supportive, sometimes even preferring them to conversations with friends. Teens, still forming their sense of self and often craving social validation, may be especially prone to experiencing these simulated relationships as real. This trend is happening in real time, and a pressing question is how to guide teens to use chatbots safely.

Mental Health-Focused Chatbots vs. General Ones

There is evidence that some therapeutic AI chatbots can help adults with mild symptoms when used alongside professional mental health support. For example, Woebot, a fully automated cognitive behavioral therapy-based chatbot, reduced depressive symptoms in college students after two weeks of use. Some early evidence shows potential for helpfulness for younger teens as well.

However, these are specialized tools tested in research studies—not the general-purpose chatbots like ChatGPT that most teens actually use. These systems typically lack effective crisis protocols or pathways to escalate care when someone is in danger. A November 2025 Common Sense Media report rated general-purpose chatbots as unacceptably risky for teen mental health support.

Chatbots may not recognize signs of self-harm or suicidal thoughts as a person would. Studies of chatbot performance in detecting and responding to thoughts of suicide, by both therapeutic and general-purpose chatbots, show inadequate response. Even when chatbots offer resources like the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline, conversations with concerning content are often permitted to continue without a hard stop.

The safety of the interactions tends to degrade over the course of long conversations. So, 2 a.m. ruminations can become even riskier interactions at 3 a.m. as chatbot responses become more chaotic and less subject to safety guardrails.

Lawsuits filed and settled in 2025-26 have alleged that interactions with language models such as ChatGPT led to teen suicidal behavior and tragic losses, highlighting that commercial chatbots lack effective guardrails and crisis protocols.

Red Flags to Watch For

Parents and other trusted adults can be on the lookout for teens’ problematic behaviors, such as:

• Spending increasing amounts of time chatting with AI companions.
• Reducing time and effort in relationships with family, friends, teachers, and others.
• Showing distress or irritability when chatbot access is limited.
• Reaching for chatbot interactions rather than human supports in moments of emotional distress or crisis.

These patterns mirror problematic social media use by teens—a trajectory that offers a cautionary lesson.

How Parents and Trusted Adults Can Help

The most powerful step is straightforward: Talk with teens about their chatbot use. Approaching teens with curiosity and nonjudgment is helpful. It makes sense to assume a teen is using a chatbot, because this is most likely the case. Rather than asking closed-ended questions like “Do you talk to chatbots?” which some teens may perceive as judgmental, adults can begin with open-ended questions like “When you use chatbots like ChatGPT, what do you talk about?”

Additional detail can be gathered from questions like “Has anything ever felt uncomfortable, confusing, or surprising?” or “How do you use chatbots or AI companions when you are feeling upset or overwhelmed?”

Many teens can feel relieved that parents are willing to discuss this openly, rather than dismissing or banning it outright. Parents can use what they learn in these conversations to provide guidance.

Setting Boundaries for Safe Use

As families set boundaries around screen time and social media, they can include chatbot use as well. Time limits, particularly late at night when teens may be more emotionally vulnerable, can be helpful. Parents and teens should come to clear agreements about when chatbots should not be used, particularly during moments of crisis or high distress.

It can be useful to review how to access human supports, such as a trusted friend, a parent, a school counselor, or the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. You can also research alternative emotional-regulation techniques, such as journaling, distraction, grounding, and breathing techniques.

Regular check-ins about how chatbot use is going and whether concerns are coming up can keep information flowing and improve safety. The goal isn’t necessarily to eliminate chatbot use but to set thoughtful boundaries that protect connection with real people and reduce the probability of unsafe interactions.

Key Points for AI Literacy

Our clinical guidelines emphasize helping teens understand what chatbots are and aren’t. Parents can reinforce this as well. Important topics to discuss with teens include:

• Chatbots don’t “know” people; in interactions, they are predicting responses based on patterns in the chat. Therefore, any sense of understanding, connection, or empathy—however convincing—is simulated, not real.
• Chatbots can make mistakes or entirely make things up—called “hallucinations” in the AI field—while showing great confidence in these inaccuracies.
• Chatbots are “tuned” by their creators to be agreeable and tend to tell people what they want to hear, which can make their outputs less trustworthy or less useful in real-life contexts.
• Chats with chatbots are not private or privileged, and conversations may be stored, used to train future models, reviewed by humans, or surfaced in a data breach.

Talking openly about these limitations helps teens engage more critically and safely.

Open Lines of Communication

Research is only beginning to emerge around how AI chatbot interactions specifically affect adolescent mental health, but the emerging concerns are real and important. While chatbot interactions are increasingly difficult for teens to avoid, supporting teens toward safer use is possible. The time to talk with teens is now, and these conversations can protect their safety and deepen their human connections.

If you or someone you know is in crisis and are based in the U.S., call the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline to speak with a trained listener, or text HELLO to 741741. Both services are free, available 24/7, and confidential. If you are a reader from outside the U.S., please use a helpline like the one above or speak to a healthcare professional.